Relative importance of the bacteria Brucella, Salmonella, Staphylococcus and other indicator bacteria in some mountain farm waters in West-Cameroon (Central Africa) and the potential role of some environmental factors
1 Laboratory of Hydrobiology and Environment, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. BOX 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
2 Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD), Yaoundé, P.O. BOX 2067 Yaoundé, Cameroon.
3 Zoology Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Maroua, P.O.BOX 814 Maroua, Cameroon.
4 Department of Oceanography and Limnology, Institute of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, University of Douala, P.O.BOX 7236, Douala, Cameroon.
5 Research Unit of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Substances (RUMAS), Faculty of Sciences, University of Dschang, P.O. BOX 67, Dschang, Cameroon.
6 Laboratoire « Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE) », Université Clermont Auvergne, Aubière cedex, France.
Research Article
World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 2020, 08(02), 081-094
Article DOI: 10.30574/wjarr.2020.8.2.0396
Publication history:
Received on 15 October 2020; revised on 27 October 2020; accepted on 30 October 2020
Abstract:
A bacteriological and physicochemical study was conducted in the waters of farms in mountainous regions of Cameroon. The different water samples were collected during two campaigns in December 2018 and February 2019. Ten stations representing the drinking water supply points in our study area were identified. The results showed that these waters contained both pathogenic and commensal fecal bacteria. The highest abundances reached 10x103 CFU/100mL for Salmonella sp., 72x103 CFU/100mL for Staphylococcus aureus, 102x103 CFU/100mL for Brucella suis and 40x103 CFU/100mL for Brucella abortus. These abundances were subject to space-time fluctuations. Water contamination by tweezers was not general and was present only in surface waters (rivers and ponds). The water in the ponds, rivers and wells analyzed were all basic, with low mineralization on average. The dissolved oxygen ranged from 37.5 to 70.6%, nitrate from 3.7 to 19.8 mg/L and iron from 0.01 to 3.5 mg/L. Most of the physicochemical parameters were relatively stable during the two campaigns. The degree of correlation between the physicochemical parameters and the abundance dynamics of the isolated bacteria was heterogeneous. This was clearly more pronounced with Salmonella sp. and Brucella suis. This would be due to the fraction of metabolically active cells present when the bacteria are exposed to unfavorable conditions. Correlations with the abiotic factors were less marked with Staphylococcus aureus and Brucella abortus; this would be due to their tolerance to environmental stresses.
Keywords:
Brucella abortus; Brucella suis; farm water; physicochemical parameters; Salmonella sp.; Staphylococcus aureus
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